the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)

To categorize levels of Arabic language proficiency, you can consider using a framework such as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), which offers a standardized way to assess language proficiency. Here’s how you could adapt it for Arabic:

1. A1 – Beginner:
   • Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type.
   • Can introduce themselves and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where they live, people they know, and things they have.
2. A2 – Elementary:
   • Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g., basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment).
   • Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters.
3. B1 – Intermediate:
   • Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc.
   • Can deal with most situations likely to arise while traveling in an area where the language is spoken.
   • Can produce simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest.
4. B2 – Upper Intermediate:
   • Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization.
   • Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party.
   • Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.
5. C1 – Advanced:
   • Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning.
   • Can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions.
   • Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes.
6. C2 – Proficient:
   • Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read.
   • Can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation.
   • Can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently, and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations.

These levels provide a structured way for learners to assess their proficiency and for educators to design courses and materials accordingly.